Fair Trade Football shirts

I am looking to purchase football shirts that are recognised Fair Trade, can anyone recommend anywhere? I know it might be a problem as they are mostly made from polyester, however they do contain cotton, which would be the certified part of the product.

It needs to be customised as its for a Sunday league team (not Premier League)

So any ideas?

Big Society in brief

So Big Society, a lot of discussion regarding the subject. Will it be a good idea that will revolution our ability to govern ourself or is it just a wash to cover up government cuts?

The obvious advantage if your disastisfied with a local service – which if you’ve ever had to deal with local council services is understandable, therefore why not run it ourself? The Conservatives are using Big Society as a rallying cry against Labour and there adoption of nanny state methods using the slogan ‘Big Society, Not Big Government’

The disadvantage is that the Big Society has a chance of marginalising poorer communities, who are less educated and have to work 40 hours a week to make ends meet compared to a retired public administrator, who has no family commitments?

Big society in theory seems a sound idea to me, I would rather see the option for public to run services rather than fall victim to privatisation. Of course volunteering for running a football team, is a lot more fun than say organising refuse collections.

This brings me to further concerns as an environmentalist will the sustainable agenda be ignored?

There has been a lot of discussion about the protection of libraries yet concern to push the environmental agenda forward seems limited apart from discussion of the future of British forests, environmentalism does not seem to be considered a major part for communities.

In order to achieve sustainablity it needs to be mentioned – responsible action need to be included in all outlets of society.

A similiar bottom up scheme to governance can be seen in Oregon, if you want an idea of how public involvement can help or hinder the process. Problems have been found with certain members of the community dominating the process and so many additional voices makes decision making hard to pass.

This is my final point I wanted to make on the Big Society, it is still a control by government, setting budgets, telling communities what services they are running, rather than the Oregon situation which originated from community activism who were concerned with protecting old neighbourhoods from urban development.

The future of the Big Society is therefore ambigious, only time will note of its success, I think its clear to say that implementing the use of community in governance is not a simple overnight process which for success may require continued support from whoever the next government is.

Top 5 Myths & Lies from Wikileaks’ Opponents (Green is the new red)

I’m neglecting this site a bit, keep meaning to do new content, have plenty of things to discuss, but with work it is just finding time to place pen to paper.

In the meantime here is an article from Green is the New Red regarding recent wikileaks outrage:

http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/top-5-lies-from-wikileaks-opponents/3352/

Frank Turner – The Huntsman Comes A-Marchin’

Might as well call this blog ‘music I like with an issue’. This is Frank Turner covering the Chris T-T song, The Huntsman Comes A-Marchin’

Anti-Flag – 911 for Peace

It’s that time again. Another great song! Anti-Flag is a band that tend to devide opinions

10:10 Mini Movie No Pressure – what were they thinking?

Okay so watch this video

Watched it…. good! Started watching it but turned it off… that’s fine.

I really do not know what the makers where thinking about this. I guess they realised it was a mistake so they removed it from the website.

People like me and people who have done a lot more than I ever have in trying to encourage people to reduce their carbon footprint and then we get something like this. How many people will be more apathetic than ever after seeing this. I’ve said it before and I’ve said it again guilt trips do not work AND threatening people with death who refuse to conform is even worse!

Actually lets have a look at some of the youtube comments.

“Still believing that humans caused global warming instead of the Sun that’s also warming up the other planets of our Solar System ? Well, I hope this video has given you a glimps inside the extreme ecologists minds and their humanity.” arcadefire99

“Im changing back to incandescent light bulbs after seeing this.” ecg1992

“Disgusting! Is that what the greens think of doing with the rest of us? Quite probably! The greens are the ones who want to kill some 90% of people, because they think Mother Earth doesn’t need us. Richard Curtis, don’t worry: No pressure! I’m not like you! And don’t bother making any more films, because 90% of your audience aren’t worth making films for, and they probably don’t like you much after this filth.” thor4029

I thought twice about sharing this but thought this was a good example of how not to encourage sustainable living. Anyway thanks but no thanks for your contribution Richard Curtis now time for more persuading people that environmentalists are all leftist nutcases who support blowing people up who won’t do anything.

One on the right is on the left

Going back to University this week, I saw all the different political societies. Politics is a strange thing – at one point I could have aligned myself with a single party. But as they mostly seem to be cheaters and liars I could never pick a side. I would prefer to be critical of all parties by all policies rather than fall victim to its propaganda machine. I find it strange that young people at an age where they are still learning and developing can pick a side so clearly.

One of the problems I have always found is that I do not fully agree with everything a single party does – why do people go to demos an sit behind a party leader nodding in unison with everything the leader says acting like they are listening to a charismatic messiah. (Most politicians of course are uncharismatic, but have learnt the art of doing passable presentations).

I don’t know fully what the point of this post is. It’s just strange with University budget cuts that the Union would provide funding essentially for political movements and parties to come in and try and dupe some gullible fresher into paying £10 to join one of the groups for a year. There were more specific societies, which I thought would have fallen under political groups and not justifying the support of the Union.

On a more religious side it was amusing seeing the Christian table full of smiley happy people having a good time and I walked on to see the atheist table, was just one lonely chap sat down looking bored, maybe there is a God…. I don’t mind making fun of atheists its not like they can tell me to go burn in hell.

It was refreshing going to a new university seeing that students that cared about issues beyond student loans and the price of beer.

Now where was the volunteering stall I was looking for?

Oh and yes I am referencing a Johnny Cash song

Flobots – Stand Up

Okay here is another song I like. Flobots – Stand Up. A great song with a message of standing up to the social injustices of this world.

New content by the end of next week – I swear!

Bomb the Music Industry – Sorry Brooklyn, Dancing Won’t Solve anything

Another week slacking so here is another song. I hope to have more relevent content coming up towards the end of this month. If you haven’t seen it yet you can always read my articles on charity events.

Anyway I like this song because although it doesn’t have a serious message it’s a good attack on the musicians and fans who are apathethic to music with a message who think that songs shouldn’t get political and should just be an escape.

Event Planning Document

As a result of my last post on running and event (which can be found here), I decided to post the planning document that was created without the theory. so that if anyone is planning on running an event they have something to look at

1.0 Rationale and Objectives

To differentiate from competitors the event will distinguish itself from other entertainment offers in the area by offering a combination – a quiz night, stand-up comedy and lives bands to create a variety of experiences

Having a look at the Students’ Union’s schedule for events it was decided for the Monday as the event date. The Students’ Union was chosen as point of reference because their programme is a common entertainment choice for most students. Although there is a Quiz Night on Mondays the event’s approach to entertainment and the value of the prizes offered are convincing arguments to choose this event over other offers.

The Dickens Inn was chosen because it is conveniently situated next to the University and thus known to most of the students. Furthermore the size and facilities available make it suitable for the event being run.

Considering this there are two main objectives for the event.
· To provide an entertaining and memorable evening in an enjoyable atmosphere.
· To raise as much money as possible for Oxfam.

2.0 Logistics

Part of the planning needs to be considered are the logistics of what will make the event happen. Various resources are needed to make things run. The three main areas of concern are displayed in detail in Appendix A.

The venue is a key part because this is where all resources and effort will come together. In order for the event to be successful consideration needs to be given to capacity management in relation to the customer as seen in Appendix A; ticket sales need to be controlled to prevent overcrowding. Having an organised ‘door’ area shall maximise the efficiency of processing people into the venue. It also acts as the reception where handouts (such as quiz sheets) can be given, problems can be reported and an area for volunteers and other event workers to report to the management in charge of the running of the event.

Resources are gathered and arranged in coordination, so that on the day they come together. Physical resources (prizes, PA system) are some of the supplies that need to be considered (See Appendix A). They need to be stored safely or be brought to the venue when required, in order to minimise storage costs and risk of being stolen.

The event needs to take into consideration all aspects along the way from the early pre-event planning stage (venue, equipment, speakers), design plan (marketing, event layout, sponsorship) and estimate numbers. Taking into consideration all these issues helps the organisation flow of what is needed on the day of the event (Appendix A).

3.0 Timetable of Events

In order to plan, run and evaluate the event, Torkildsen’s (2007, p482) Seven-stage event planner is used to break down the timetabling process, this is seen in further detail in Appendix B. Planning a Timetable is important because it is necessary to set out when tasks should be completed by and can evaluate time and resources that are available so goals can be achieved. For this a GANTT chart (example here) was created in order to record what was required, how long should be spent on a task and whether the event planning was keeping up to schedule.

The schedule of the event is as planned (Figure 1):

Arrive to set up - 5.30pm

Open doors before start so people can settle in, buy drinks, participate in other fundraising activities 30 minutes (7.30pm)

Open event with host discussing the agenda, making sure they promote any other fundraising occurring during the event and mentioning any sponsors (10 minutes) (8.00pm)

Quiz is presented (45 minutes) (8.10pm)

Quiz sheets are handed in and break commences (10 minutes (8.55pm)

Comedians performs (30 minutes) (9.05pm)

Break followed by host announcing quiz winners (10 minutes) (9.35pm)

Band 1 does a set (30 minutes) (9.45pm)

Break other prizes are announced (10 minutes) 10.15pm

Band 2 does a set (9.55pm) (30 minutes) 30 minutes 10.25pm

Extra allocated time for overrunning (Contingency Plan) 30 minutes 10.55pm

Event ends thank guest for coming 10.55pm – 11.25pm

Total allotted time of event 3 hours 25 minutes + 30 minutes

Tidy up venue, ensure equipment is taken away for safe return N/A Leave by 12.00am

4.0 Financial Implications

4.1 Budget

Because the organisers are inexperienced to the event organisation process, the budget is a difficult task to plan. Spending too much would increase the chance of making a loss, whereas spending too little will make the event look cheap and poorly run. The first step would be to work out the costs and estimates received, as can be seen in the table below (Figure 1).

From this it can be seen that because of the size of the event and careful research costs have been kept down. If the deposit is returned without deduction then total costs will be even less. However because there is not a 100% guarantee that it will be returned this is reflected in the ticket price. Because this is a small event and sponsorship is difficult to obtain in the current economic climate the budget is reasonable to cover breaking-even with ticket sales. More money will be raised on the evening through donations and over money-raising initiatives.

4.2 Sponsorship

For sponsorship identifying the target market is needed. From the marketing section (5.0) it is known that the target is typically going to be students, so from this a strategy can be built. The more resources that are donated the less burden the running costs will have on the event, meaning a bigger return for Oxfam. The event is ideal for a sponsor involved in the youth market and can be broken down further.

The sponsorship strategy needs to be carefully considered; we need to research companies appropriately, this way it can be seen if companies are worth pursuing and then write to them personally so that it does not seem like a mail shot, persuading the benefits of sponsoring the event.

The Balance Sheet

Event 16th March 2009 7.30pm – The Dickens Inn, Middlesbrough

Cash In
Sales £0.00
Owner’s Capital £100.00
Sponsorship/Donations £40.00
Total £140.00

Cash Out
Venue Rental Deposit £100.00
Advertising and Promotion £7.00
Bands £0.00
Comedians £60.00
Quiz Sheets £2.00
Pens £2.10
Quiz Host £6.00
PA System (Estimate) £100.00
Decorations/Theming/Banners £50.00
Ticket Printing Cost £1.20
Prizes £100.00
Total £428.30
Total – Venue Deposit £328.30
Total – Venue Deposit – Sponsorship/Donations £288.30

Total to Break even Considering all costs 107 people
Total to Break even with returned deposit 82 people
Total to Break even 72

Ticket Price £4

5.0 Marketing objectives

· To advertise the unique characteristics of our event to students differentiating it from other pubs and clubs in Middlesbrough.
· To inform students about the features and benefits of our event and its competitive advantage.
· To promote a fun and enjoyable night within the estimated budget.
· To return on investment and raise money for Oxfam.
· Complete above by 16th March.

5.1 Target Market

The general target market will be University of Teesside students. However, local young people between the ages of 18-25 may also be interested in the event.

5.2 The University of Teesside

To have a full appreciation of the student market first it will be necessary to look closely at the student population in Middlesbrough. From teaching quality to social life, the University of Teesside is one of the top modern universities in the UK (Attwood 2009).

Although the University of Teesside has a large mature student population for many town and city centre nightclubs and bars, a large proportion of their target market is students aged between 18-25 years. Mintel (2002) highlighted that younger students “represent an important part of the consumer base of the average club” (Skinner, Moss and Parfitt 2005 pp115). While mature students may be interested in attending a student night in Middlesbrough, it is more likely that younger students will be attracted to the event.

(Various Tables with figures where shown here, showing student numbers in the area – full time/part time, who lived in student accomadation etc).

5.3 Overview of the National Student Market

This section just looked at students budget, particular reflecting on the fact that March was a time of year when students would have spent up most of Januarys loan hence would be more selective on spending.

It gathered data on what students spend most of the money on. It also examined the role of the University in providing a social life for students – hence it was used for justifying our location.

5.4 Competition analysis
This section just contain an anaylsis of local venue, rival nights, including nights from the previous couple of weeks to examine how it would affect interest.

Theis was useful so that we could work out how to differntiate our event to the competition.

5.5 The Marketing Plan

This section examined the different ways we would target our audience.

Traditional forms of adverting are not ideal channels for reaching the student market. However there are a number of ways the student market can be reached:

The Student Newspaper
Most universities have their own student newspaper and the University of Teesside is no exception. Advertising in a newspaper can provide great flexibility in terms of timing and newspapers tend to be read by a wide variety of people.

Outdoor flyers
The use of outdoor flyers is common at the University of Teesside; many different clubs and pubs tend to use this form of advertisement in the area. It is inexpensive and depending on the service can be very effective (Marketing- minefield 2007). However, using this type of advertising will be competing with other venues as this is the most popular form of advertisement. Here are some examples of good flyers:

The Internet
Using the Internet will be the main advertising channel as students make an ideal target market for Internet based ads. Over 99% of students are comfortable using the Internet, going online at least once a week, if not every day. Social networking sites are becoming increasingly popular among young people including students.The bands that will be playing at the event have their own MySpace page which could generate word of mouth which is important for a marketing plan to be successful.

6.0 Legal Issues

The first legal issue examined is Tort liability (Davis 1994), which covers three noticeable aspects to consider:
· Negligence (For example wet patches, lose cables etc), which the organisers need to show responsibility for to prevent accidents.
· Owing someone to act with reasonable care (Guests of the event behaving to a certain etiquette and if not being warned for the safety of themselves and others)
· Organisers breach duty by not fulfilling responsibility (Planners leaving the venue and neglecting the running of the event).
· (Davis 1994)

These issues fall under the Health and Safety of the event but need to be considered from a legal point of view because the planners and the venue could be liable to a lawsuit if the worst happens. Avoiding these problems should be possible with careful Risk Management planning. This is examined further in the Health Safety section of the document (7.0)

As there is a plan to run a raffle we also need to consider gambling laws, consulting the Raffles and Lotteries Code (Institute of Fundraising 2008) this states for fundraising events:
· ‘The lottery must be promoted for a purpose other than private gain;
· Tickets must only be sold during the event, on the premises where the event is taking place;
· Although there is no restriction on the price of tickets, they must all be sold at the same price’
(Institute of Fundraising 2008)

With this knowledge it is known that having a raffle is acceptable however this affected original plans to sell tickets in advance, this however will be advantageous because raffle winners will be around on the night to collect the prizes.
For event legalities such as licensing, trading standards and healthy and safety it was advised to contact the local council (Oxfam 2008), however as The Dickens Inn was an established venue all checking that the venue met the required specification was done directly at the venue by checking appropriate certification (Davis 1994).
One of the final issues was further collection of funds. This advice was obtained from Oxfam (2008) who stated that to collect funds in the street a license would be needed from the local authority, however this was not a requirement for the event. For a private venue written permission is required from the manager (Oxfam 2008), which would be obtained closer to the date of the event.

7.0 Health and safety issues and risk assessments

When planning and holding an entertainment event many things must be taken into consideration with regards to health and safety such as Fire safety, venue and site design, noise levels and planning.

The venue leasers are responsible under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 section 4 (2), which means that access and exits should be safe, and without risk (Great Britain Health and Safety Executive 1999).

First aid cover must also be considered, as this is the responsibility of the organisers if first aid treatment is required following an accident at the event. Trained persons must be available at all times to deliver the treatment. For an event such as a quiz night in a pub or bar the bar staff or manager should be first-aid trained but this must be checked before the night of the event. If not it is imperative that a first aider is available. This may be arranged through a local Red Cross branch.

To prevent accidents a risk assessment is crucial when organising an event as this can reduce the chance of an accident happening and avoid any legal issues that could potentially follow (Davis 1994).

Risk Assessment Steps:
Stay up to date on legal trends that apply
Train individuals to assure quality service
Proper supervision of guests
Check equipment – raise with venue if any problems
Check facilities – raise with venue if any problem
Get contracts for event, so that procedures are met
Make sure everything is covered with insurance, our covered by venues insurance
Evaluate risks
Identify Hazards
Could anyone be harmed?

8.0 Contingency Plans

A contingency plan needs to be considered so that the organisation of the event is able to recover from incidents with the minimum amount of disruption and cost to the event.

In this section was a table that basically listed a load of hypothetical scenarios. Thinking this through added more worries – but having an idea how to handle a disaster was better, than trying to come up with something on the night. It also meant that this plan could be passed onto all volunteers.

9.0 Event Evaluation and post event considerations

This section listed what we were going to do after the event – what was appropriate and really just kind thing to do.

For a post-event consideration Torkildsen (2007) suggests thanking people officially, seeing if the event has met its objectives and what lessons have been learned for future reference. Reflecting on the lessons that have been learned would be a part of the evaluation process.

Collection of data from figures such as tickets sold and total money raised to judge the success of the event. The disadvantage of this is that it is not a clear indication of whether the event was a success in that people enjoyed themselves, just that the organisers did a good job selling tickets.

Further information can be gathered by giving questionnaires to guests a few days after the event; the purpose of this would be to collect demographics and gain a general opinion on what they enjoyed at the event. This would give statistics on whether the target age range was met. However the problem with this method is that it would not be known why a person enjoyed one part of the evening over another.

In order to gain further information on the event’s success it would require the collection of verbal feedback. This would be gained through e-mail and face-to-face communication from guests, acts, sponsors volunteers, venue staff and owners to see how they felt the event went. This collection of data can be reviewed and the changes can be made in future if the organisers decided to run a similar event again.

In order to meet the needs of thanking people officially, this would require sending e-mail, mailing letters, ringing and thanking people face-to-face. The purpose of this would be to make personal contact and strengthen the relationships that have been built during the event planning process with sponsors, acts, venue owners, volunteers and guests. Guests would be thanked for coming at the close of the event. Sponsors, acts, volunteers and the venue owners would be thanked for their contribution and informed how they have helped Oxfam. Apart from being a nice thing to do this is a good idea for the event organisers; if they wish to run events in the future having a list of contact who have a favourable opinion of them might make them more willing to participate when needed. Doing this could help improve image so that places like venues, acts, sponsors would be willing to work with the organisers again.

10.0 Appendixes

This section basically contains things that were too large or out of place to fit in the document so placed at the back.

Appendix A: Logistics Considerations

Logistic Consideration How is it solved?
Customer – Accessibility Make sure not too many tickets are sold, customers advised on parking, ways to get to the venue
Customer – Comfort Do not over sell tickets, make sure there is adequate seating and that it is placed in appropriate positioning
Customer – Crowd Control Allowing 30 minutes before the start means everyone does not arrive at once.Because of the varied nature of the event people can leave after certain acts if they wish, the closing band placed at the end plays music that has an acquired taste, so numbers are predicted to drop, though time will be allow to give people time to leave. There should not be a crush to get out of the doors.
Customer – Health and Safety Fire exits not blocked, make sure qualified first aiders are working the event (See Health and Safety section 7.0)
Supplier – PA System PA System will be set up at least two hours before the event starts and kept under safe guard in case of theft.
Supplier – Prizes Prizes shall be kept in secure places and any money kept safe in the bank. Prizes should be kept under guard on the night
Supplier – Sponsorship Money Kept secure in the bank until needed
Infrastructure – The Dickens Inn, technical services and sound Venue will be checked beforehand for lighting, layout, decorations etc. A technician shall be hired if needed to handle the PA system. Dickens Inn staff should be knowledgeable with the lighting system
Communications – Comedians, bands and quiz host. Contact shall be kept prior to the event; if they need to withdraw they are advised to do so as early as possible. Phone numbers kept of all acts in case they will need to be contacted in an emergency. An informal agree will be sent to them so that they know their role, time they are required at the venue and what will be required of them on the evening.
Communications – Volunteers. Will be recruited if needed a month before the event. Communication will occur to confirm they are needed, when arriving at the venue; they will be briefed on what their role is on the day.
(VISTA Consulting Team Limited 2001 and Getz 2007).

Appendix B: Event Plan Checklist and Gantt Chart
The GANTT chart has been removed as it does not display correctly – for an example click here

The purpose of the Gantt chart is to create something you pin on your wall and decide how much time you should be dedicating to certain activities and when it should be completley by. From my experience, things never quite match up to the Gantt and personally it would not be my choice for conveying when deadlines should be met. But I was required to do one as part of the project.

11.0 Bibliography
Because this was an academic document references were included at the bottom. However for creating your own you would not need this. I have however left this in so that you can look at further links to gather ideas. Or if you are an academic access resources such as journals and text books to give you some ideas.

Attwood, R, (2009) ‘Happy to be here’, The Times Higher Education,
www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=404989 [Accessed 11th Feburary 2009].

BBC Tees, (2009), ‘Where I live Tees: Music, Clubs and Gigs’,
www.bbc.co.uk/tees/going_out/clublistings.shtml [Accessed 11th February 2009].

British Beer and Pub Association, (2008), ‘Standards for the management of responsible drinks promotions including happy hours’
www.beerandpub.com [Accessed 11th February 2009].

Cameron, S, (2005), The Business Student’s Handbook: Learning Skills for Study and Employment, 3rd Edition, Harlow, Financial Times.

Campus Group, (2007), ‘Student lifestyles’, Marketing minefield (2007),
www.marketingminefield.co.uk/articles/targeting-student-market.html [Accessed 11th February 2009].

Capel, E, (2008), ‘Campaign for you supply chain’, Outsourced Logistics, November 2008, pp38-39.

Chatterton, P, (1999), ‘Universities students and city centres – the formative of exclusive geographies: The case of Bristol’ Geoforum, 30, 1, pp 117-133.

Ciconte, B, Jacob, J, (2001), Fundraising basics: A complete guide, 2nd Edition, Sudbury, Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

CPDRG, (2002), ‘The Contingency Plan Guide’, www.contingency-planning-disaster-recovery-guide.co.uk/ [Accessed 18th January 2008].

Davis, KA, (1994), Sport Management: Success Private Sector Business Strategies, Madison, Brown and Benchmark.

Getz, D, (2007), Event Studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events, Oxford, Elsevier Ltd.

Great Britain Health and Safety Executive, (1999), The event safety guide: a guide to health, safety and welfare at music and similar events, Norwich, HSE Books.

Hingston, P, (2007), The Greatest Little Business Book, 7th Edition, Tullibardine, Hingston Publishing Co.

HSE, (2008), Health and Safety Executive, www.hse.gov.uk/ [Accessed 18th January 2008].

HSE, (Unpublished 2006). Five Steps to Risk Assessment. Report dated June 2006.

Hover, M, van Mierlo, J, (2006), ‘Imagine your event: imagineering for the event industry’. Unpublished manuscript, Breda University of Applied Sciences and NHTV Expertise, Netherlands: Event Management Centre.

Howell, S, & Badmin, P, (1996), Performance, Monitoring and Evaluation in Leisure Management, London, Pitman Publishing.

Institue of Fundraising, (2008), ‘Raffles and Lotteries’, www.institute-of-fundraising.org.uk/Resources/Institute%20of%20Fundraising/Codes/Raffles%20and%20Lotteries%20November%202008.pdf [Accessed 11th February 2009].

Jones, G, (2007), ‘Facebook’s big sell: As the social networking site flourishes, the challenges to turn it popularity to commercial ends’, Marketing magazine, No. October 17, p15.

Lancaster, G, Massingham, L, Ashford, R, (2002), Essentials of marketing, Fourth Edition, London, McGraw-Hill.

Learning marketing, (2007), ‘Service marketing mix’,
earnmarketing.net/servicemarketingmix.htm [Accessed 12th February 2009].

Marketing Minefield, (2007), ‘Student Marketing – Targeting the Student Market’,
www.marketingminefield.co.uk/articles/targeting-student-market.html, [Accessed 12th February 2009].

Masterman, GR, (2004), ‘A strategic approach for the use of sponsorship in the events industry: in search of a return on investment’ in I, Yeoman, M, Robertson, J, Ali-Knight, S, Drummond, U, McMahon-Beattie (Eds), Festival and Events Management, (pp260-272), Oxford, Elsevier Limited.

Oxfam (2008), ‘Rules and Regulations’, www.oxfam.org.uk/get_involved/fundraise/fundraising_guide/ [Accessed 11th February 2009].

Richards, W, (1992), How to market tourist attractions, festivals, and special events: a practical guide to maximising visitor attendance and income, Harlow, Longman.

Saunders, M, Lewis, P and Thornhill, A, (2007), Research Methods for Business Students, Harlow, Pearson Education Limited.

Skinner, H, Moss, G, Parfitt, S, (2005), Night Clubs and Bars ‘ What do customers really want?’ International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management ,17, 2, pp114-124.

Torkildsen, G, (2007), Leisure and Recreation Management, 5th Edition, New York, Routledge.

Trusted Places, (2008), ‘Reviews for Aruba and the Southfield’
trustedplaces.com/review/uk/middlesbrough/bar-pub/1904n73/aruba [Accessed 19th February 2009].

VISTA Consulting Team Limited, (Unpublished, 2001), Event Logistics. Report dated November 2001.

University of Teesside, (2007-8), ‘University statistics’,
www.tees.ac.uk/sections/about/factsandfigures.cfm, [Accessed 19th February 2009].

University of Teesside, (2009), ‘Student life: Nightlife’
www.tees.ac.uk/sections/studentlife/nightlife.cfm, [Accessed 19th February 2009].

UTSU, (2005), ‘Entertainment: It’s a Kwizz’, www.utsu.org.uk/kwizz [Access 19th February 2009].

Veal, AJ, (1994), Leisure Obligations, Harlow, Longman Group Limited.

Waters, I, (1993) ‘Arts and Entertainment Facilities’, in J, Buswell (Ed), Case Studies in Leisure Management Practice, pp157-162, London, Pitman Publishing.

Watt, DC, (1998), Event Management in Leisure and Tourism, New York: Addison Wesley Longman Publishing.

Yeoman, I. Robertson, M. Beattie, U (2004): Festivals and Event Management: An international arts and culture perspective, London, Butterworth-Heinemann.

So there you go. I can’t take the full credit as this was done between five people. I have edited down certain sections as I don’t think it was too relevent, but hopefully if your new to this it will give you some ideas. If you have any more questions please ask I will try to answer them. Or let me know if you run your own event(s) I would welcome thoughts and feedback.